Atlas Of Creation - Volume 4-

Flying Insects: Marvelous Life Forms With Perfect Wings That Lived Millions Of Years Ago Refute Evolution

The ability to fly has been mankind’s dream for thousands of years, a goal toward which numerous scientists and researchers have expended labor, time, money and occasionally, their lives. Apart from a few very primitive experiments, it became possible to make self-propelled flying vehicles only in the early years of the 20th century.

Over the last 40 years, the scientific world has made it a priority to understand insects’ superior flying performance. The delicate and flawless architecture in insects’ flight mechanisms amaze researchers.

Some of these tiny creatures can hover suspended in the air, fly backwards, suddenly accelerate to more than 150 kilometers per hour (90 MPH) and engage in aerobatics far superior to even the best-trained fighter pilot. Insects have highly advanced mechanisms for flight, including perfect wings, a light exoskeleton, organs which perfectly regulate and control balance, and advanced warning systems that enable them to navigate and take off. Their bodies are covered by an exoskeleton that fulfill a set of functional roles including moving their legs and wings.

Airplanes operate by using the flow of air over their wings and are propelled with the assistance of combustion engines. Insects, on the other hand, have no such engines for takeoff, yet merely beating their wings gives them a powerful lift.25 In order to take off, most insects have to beat their thin wings very fast— and during flight, an average of several hundred times per second.26 Some insects beat their wings 600 times per second. Such rapid movement taking place in so short a time is impossible to replicate technologically.

21st Century Researchers Use Insects As Models For Progress

In recent years, various scientific research groups and major universities have been working on manufacturing micro-flight vehicles by imitating insects’ flight mechanisms. One of the most important of these is supported by the British-based Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and is playing a key role in the new aerial vehicles' development.27

Dr. Richard Bomphrey, from the Department of Zoology at the University of Oxford, says that the findings from analysis of the architecture of insects’ wings “will make it possible to aerodynamically engineer a new breed of surveillance vehicles that, because they're as small as insects and also fly like them, completely blend into their surroundings."

One important characteristic of the insects that appear suddenly in the fossil record, together with all their flawless structures, is their extraordinary flight techniques. These marvelous flying insects have had the same wing architecture since they were first created as they have today, 125 million years later. They have never undergone any evolution. This beetle that lived 125 million years ago was petrified in stone together with all its fine detail.

The research team uses cutting-edge computer modeling capabilities and the latest high-speed, high-resolution camera technology to investigate insect wing structure and performance. Key to the work is the calculation of air flow velocities around insect wings. This is achieved by placing insects in a wind tunnel, seeding the air with a light fog and illuminating the particles with pulsing laser light - a technique called Particle Image Velocimetry.28

According to Dr. Bomphery, different types of insect wing serve different purposes. “For instance,” he says, “bees are load-lifters, a predator such as a dragonfly is fast and maneuverable, and creatures like locusts have to range over vast distances.” Investigating the differences between insect wing structures has been a key focus in engineering micro flying robots. These ecological differences have led to a variety of wing designs depending on the task needing to be performed. Micro flying vehicles and micro-cameras installed on them will be able to be used in a great many fields.29

Despite all the specialists working on the subject and all the technological means at their disposal, it is thought that insect-sized flying machines will only become a reality in the next 20 years.

Sikorsky, one of the world’s leading helicopter manufacturers, based the model it produced to carry troops and material on the dragonfly. Photographs representing the dragonfly’s flight techniques were loaded onto a IBM 3081, and 2,000 special illustrations based on the way the insect moves in the air were produced. One hundred and twenty-five million years ago, at a time when evolutionists maintain the world was a primitive place, dragonflies possessed a flight system that today’s technology simply cannot match.

The dragonfly flight system is a marvel of creation. It has two pair of wings located diagonally on its body. The wings work in counterpoint; as the two front wings are rising, the two wings in the rear are falling. Wing movement is established by two opposite groups of muscles. One end of the muscles is attached to an extension in the body in the form of a winch. One muscle group contracts to enable one pair of wings to rise, while the other muscle group relaxes to an equivalent degree to allow the second pair of wings to fall.

Dragonflies can reach speeds of between 30 to 60 kilometers per hour (18 to 37 MPH) in a very short space of time. The dragonfly also possesses tremendous maneuverability. No matter at what speed or what direction it may be flying in, it can stop momentarily and start moving in the opposite direction. Or it can hover in the air, waiting in a suitable position.

Thinking of how many factors involved in order for an aircraft to fly gives a much better idea of the actions performed by insects such as the dragonfly, based on exceedingly complex calculations: 

The length of an aircraft , its height, wing span, wing surface area, maximum take-off weight, maximum landing weight, number of engines and power, fuel capacity, maximum range, travel speed, take-off distance; these all need to be exactly right.

This long list of calculations continues to be performed during flight: the altitude at which the vehicle is to fly, the maneuvers to be made, to descend or to maintain course without any unsteadiness, the rate of fuel consumption, the measures to be taken in the event of difficult air conditions. The list is long and quite complex.

Insects, on the other hand, make none of these calculations. From the moment they hatch, they act like flawless miniature flying machines applying all these delicate calculations in the most perfect way. Their flight is highly controlled, balanced and expert.

Making a robot that beats its wings is no easy matter. What really defeats scientists is the impossibility of giving that robot the intelligence that makes flight possible. The California University Electrical Engineering Faculty Professor Ron Fearing says,“The good news is we know what the wings need to do. The bad news is we don't know how to do it.”30 Michael Dickinson, a University of California Berkeley Professor of Biology, states that fruit flies beat their wings 200 times per second and use three different mechanisms in order to take off. This lets a fruit fly make a U-turn in the air with just eight wing movements, in as little as 40 milliseconds.31 According to Dickinson, in order to achieve such a level of control, the insect robot at Berkeley can make mistakes only three times, and on the fourth one, it will drop dead. Robert Michelson, the chief engineer at Georgia Technology Research Institute, states how difficult it is to construct a robot that beats its wings for balance and control:

“Until we can do things as well as you find them in creation, you have to go to alternate techniques.”32

Even though humanity possesses formidable technology, intelligence, energy, and financial backing, people still cannot imitate the systems we witness in nature. Marvels of creation that human beings are powerless to replicate show Allah’s matchless creative artistry. Insects of whatever size, large or small, have been able to fly through inspiration from Allah throughout the 250 to 300 million years of their existence on Earth up to the present day. Many insect species we see in nature today even have a flying ability superior to that of birds. The perfection in insects’ wings is one of the proofs of Allah’s immaculate creation.

Darwinists Must Abandon Their Errors Before It Is Too Late

While the scientific world is still unable to fully account for insects’ bodily structures and flight techniques, it is the height of sophistry to claim that these came about by chance. The mutations that Darwinism points to as the supposed architects of these systems are in reality harmful effects that merely cripple a life form, cause permanent injury to its organs and even result in its death. It is impossible to maintain that mutations that take place solely on the basis of chance can bring into being an insect’s wings, muscles, nerves and antennae and complex systems such as respiration and digestion. It is a terrible error to attach any credence to such nonsense.

No coincidence can create a flying machine, such as a helicopter. Even if all the components of a helicopter are left scattered about in a large field, natural events will still never be able to produce a helicopter from them. It is as illogical to propose this as it is to suggest that an insect’s wings or any other organ or system in its body could emerge as the result of blind chance. It is obvious that these marvelous systems in living things can only fully function, and the organism can only survive, when they are all present together.

It is impossible for an insect with no knowledge of the mechanisms by which it might fly to design them and for unconscious cells to carry out such complex functions.

There is no evidence that living things capable of flight evolved from other life forms. On the contrary, their complex structures and the way they appear suddenly in the fossil record show that all these life forms were created at once, together with their necessary flight systems.

The way that ladybugs, which also possessed a flawless wing structure millions of years in the past, prepare their twin wings for flight is a complete miracle of creation.

Outer wings containing chitin surround the elastic, membranous flying wings like a sheath. When the insects wishes to fly it opens its outer wings, literally like a hydraulic gate, and the larger flight wings folded underneath emerge. These crumpled flight wings become smooth and elastic almost instantly. This attractive insect then takes off and flies away.

One environment in which fossils form is amber. The amber from trees flows down and covers a living thing, preserving it entirely and creating a fossil. These fossils represent an important truth, in the same way as other fossils.

This ladybug was fossilized together with all its soft tissues some 25 million years ago. There is not the slightest difference between the ladybug in the amber and those living today. Ladybugs were created in their present form.

The conscious systems we see in insects clearly indicate creation. We particularly see this when we look at fossils: dragonflies, various species of flies and beetles appear suddenly in the fossil record with all the marvelous properties they possess today and with no evolutionary ancestors preceding them. Fossils show us, quite simply, that evolution never happened.

The facts revealed by the scientific data and fossil records conflict with both the claims that Charles Darwin first made 150 years ago and with all the present-day versions and variations of the theory of evolution.

For anyone to still espouse the theory of evolution in the face of all these facts is of course highly thought-provoking. Such people still follow along in Darwinism’s wake and turn their backs on the true facts; but this is merely a short-term deception. The facts are much clearer now than they were in Darwin’s time and also much easier to establish. The number of people seeing and accepting the facts is growing, and there is a rapid decline in the numbers of people who believe unquestioningly in evolutionary fairy tales. The scientific proof cannot be ignored and hidden as easily as it was in Darwin’s day. Research is uncovering new and marvelous properties in living things every day and invalidating the evolutionist concept of chance. Every new scientific finding shows that the universe was created by an Intelligence superior to all things. Disciplines such as genetics, microbiology, paleontology, geology and all other branches of science constantly and clearly reveal the fact of creation.

There is no doubt that this scientific progress will continue to take place and that science will become one of the finest means of describing the creative artistry of Allah; this is because all knowledge belongs to Allah. Darwinism, on the other hand, will go down in history as an unscientific theory condemned to obsolescence, much like the geocentric model of the universe or alchemy.

People will be amazed how they ever believed in such a theory.

The above photograph of a fossil lightning bug provides countless scientific data dating back some 50 million years. We first see that the insect’s antennae, legs, joint structure, compound eyes, wing structure and everything else is all perfectly formed, regular and immaculate. Second, we see no half-formed organs in the process of evolution, as evolutionists would have us believe. This insect has never changed over the intervening 50 million years. With their marvelous wing architecture, the systems that allow them to produce light in their own bodies and their complex compound eyes, lightning bugs are a perfect marvel of creation. In short, this glorious life form tells us that “there is no such thing as evolution.”
No rational and logical person would ever look at the design in an airplane and claim that all the components came together by chance to produce a vehicle capable of flying. On the contrary, people looking at the design in an airplane will think that there is very fine and detailed planning involved in every stage, and that a large number of engineers and technicians pooled their knowledge and experience together and put in a great deal of hard work and time. Life forms that fly have been equipped with features superior to those of airplanes. It would be a total violation of logic and reason to look at these living things, created with the ability to fly, and to say that they are the product of mere chance. Classic evolutionary scenarios cannot explain how such delicate calculations work with such superior technology in these life forms devoid of any consciousness. Indeed, Darwinists have no answer to give at all because no such thing as evolution ever happened. Almighty Allah created all living things.

How Fossils Overturned Evolution

Living Fossils Refute Evolution

he evolutionist magazine New Scientist described evolutionist contradictions in the face of living fossils:

Some biologists marvel that there is any evolution at all, considering the possible pitfalls of change. "The idea is that organisms are so complex that it is very hard to change one aspect without wrecking everything else," says [Yale paleontologist Elisabeth] Vrba. But it is extremely difficult to show that this is why our supreme survivors remain unchanged for millions of years.36 

Niles Eldredge

Of course it is hard for this fact to be explained in evolutionist terms, because adherents are looking for an explanation within the theory of evolution. Yet the living fossils reveal that living things did not descend from one another in stages, nor have they evolved in any way. The fossil record provides no examples of intermediate forms. Countless living things have remained unchanged for millions of years, and their current anatomical structures are exactly the same as they were millions of years ago. The fossil record is almost complete with both animal and plant specimens demonstrating this. It definitively and scientifically refutes evolution.

The evolutionist Niles Eldredge admits that no explanation exists with regard to living fossils, which constitute one of the countless secrets that evolution has been unable to unravel:

... there seems to have been almost no change in any part we can compare between the living organism and its fossilized progenitors of the remote geological past. Living fossils embody the theme of evolutionary stability to an extreme degree. ... We have not completely solved the riddle of living fossils.37

Bats have remained unchanged for 50 million years, and are among the most important proofs that demolish the theory of evolution.

Pierre-Paul Grassé, one of France's best-known zoologists, former editor of the 28-volume Traité de Zoologie (Treatise of Zoology) and former president of the French Academy of Sciences, ends the chapter "Evolution and Natural Selection" in his book Evolution of Living Organisms with these words:

The "evolution in action" of J. Huxley and other biologists is simply the observation of demographic facts, local fluctuations of genotypes, geographical distributions. Often the species concerned have remained practically unchanged for hundreds of centuries! Fluctuation as a result of circumstances, with prior modification of the genome, does not imply evolution, and we have tangible proof of this in many panchronic species [i.e. living fossils that remain unchanged for millions of years].38

Living fossils and the stasis in the fossil record could not be explained in Darwin's time, much less afterwards. Scientists attempting to adapt Darwin's theory of evolution by means of changes of form to modern scientific findings have also admitted as much, no matter how reluctantly. Facts revealed by the scientific data and the fossil record totally conflict with the present-day theory of evolution, just as Darwin himself admitted 150 years ago:

... I am well aware that scarcely a single point is discussed in this volume on which facts cannot be adduced, often apparently leading to conclusions directly opposite to those at which I have arrived. A fair result can be obtained only by fully stating and balancing the facts and arguments on both sides of each question; and this cannot possibly be here done.39

With these words, Darwin states unhesitatingly that his claim does not square with the facts—for which reason he has ignored them. That is the same situation for those who support the theory of evolution today; despite the truth revealed by the fossil record they blindly continue in Darwin's wake and turn their backs on the facts. However, this deception is a short-lived one. The facts are now far more evident, and far more identifiable. The number of people who have seen the truth and preferred it is rising, and the number of people who unquestioningly believe in fairy tales is on the decrease. The facts cannot be concealed and ignored, as widely as they were in Darwin's day. Genetics, microbiology, paleontology, geology and all other branches of science constantly reveal a truth that Darwin and his supporters never wanted, and that they perhaps never expected—the fact of Creation.

That is because God is the Real and what you call on apart from Him is false. God is the All-High, the Most Great.

Don't you see that God sends down water from the sky and then in the morning the earth is covered in green? God is All-Subtle, All-Aware.

Everything in the heavens and everything in the Earth belongs to Him. God is the Rich Beyond Need, the Praiseworthy.

Don't you see that God has made everything on the Earth subservient to you and the ships running upon the sea by His command? He holds back the heaven, preventing it from falling to the Earth—except by His permission. God is All-Compassionate to humanity, Most Merciful.

It is He Who gave you life and then will cause you to die and then will give you life again. Man is truly ungrateful. (Qur'an, 22:62-66)

How Fossils Overturned Evolution

Examples of Living Fossils

iving fossil is the nickname given to organisms whose traces appear in the fossil layers from early geological periods, of which living specimens are still found today. These living things exhibit no differences from their counterparts from millions of years ago, and represent living examples of those long-dead fossil forms.

Without doubt, the most important of these is the forementioned Cœlacanth. For many years, evolutionists portrayed it as the most significant supposed intermediate form, on which they wasted a great deal of speculation until the first surprise appeared in 1938.

The Cœlacanth: An Example of a False Intermediate Form

The evolutionist paleontologist J. L. B. Smith and the living Clacanth found in the Comoro Islands. This first specimen showed that the Clacanth was a fully-fledged fish, not an intermediate form as claimed by evolutionists. Another 200 specimens discovered since have confirmed this significant fact. A 410-million-year-old Clacanth fossil.

Off the coast of southern Africa, in the winter of 1938, a fishing boat called The Nerine dragged from the Indian Ocean near the Chalumna River a fish thought to be extinct for 70 million years. The fish was a cœlacanth, an animal that thrived concurrently with dinosaurs...18   

These words, by the evolutionist Keith S. Thompson, chairman of the Oxford University Academy of Natural Sciences, are a clear expression of how quickly an evolutionary myth faded  into nothing. The catching of a live specimen of Cœlacanth did away with one of the greatest fake foundations of the theory of evolution.

The Cœlacanth, which according to the fossil record, dates back some 410 million years to the Devonian period, was regarded by evolutionists as a powerful intermediate form between fish and reptile. It had been mysteriously erased from the fossil record 70 million years ago, during  the Cretaceous period, and was believed to have become extinct at that time.19   Based on these fossils, evolutionist biologists suggested that this creature had a non-functioning, "primitive" as evolutionists put it, lung. Speculation regarding the Cœlacanth became so widespread that the fish was cited in many scientific publications as the most significant evidence for evolution. Paintings and drawings of it leaving the water for the land quickly began appearing in books and magazines. Of course, all these assumptions, images and claims, were based on the idea that the creature was extinct.

The truth was very different, however. Since 1938, more than 200 present-day Cœlacanths have been caught, after that first one off South Africa. The second came from the Comoro Islands off north-west Madagascar in 1952, and a third in Indonesian Sulawesi in 1998. The evolutionist paleontologist J. L. B. Smith was unable to conceal his amazement at the capture of the first Cœlacanth, saying, "If I'd met a dinosaur in the street I wouldn't have been more astonished."20 

Another living Clacanth specimen.

Later, photographs of a pair of Cœlacanths cavorting was even published in National Geographic magazine! The capture of living Cœlacanths revealed that the claims regarding it were nothing more than deceptions. The structure that evolutionist researchers suggested was a primitive lung turned out to be nothing but a fat-filled swimbladder. In addition, evolutionists had always depicted the fish as living in shallow waters, as a potential reptile preparing to crawl onto the land where it would continue to "evolve." Yet the Cœlacanth was now found to be living in the deepest ocean waters—a bottom-dwelling fish almost never rising above 180 meters below the surface.21 

The tail of the living Clacanth and that of a 140-million-year-old fossil specimen are identical to one another.

In 1987, the German naturalist Hans Fricke confirmed these research findings when he observed and photographed Cœlacanths off the Grand Comoro Island. He observed that the fish swam backwards, forwards and even tilted head down, but never once "walked, crawled, or otherwise moved on the bottom with their lobed fins."22

Cœlacanth being a living fossil eliminated the so-called evidence that evolutionists had exhibited so proudly to support their imaginary scenario of the fish's transition from water to land. When this creature was encountered in 1938, it immediately revealed the fraudulent nature of the transition from water to land. Evolutionists cast no aspersions on the fact of this living fossil and did not seek to convince anyone that this discovery was in error. They came up with no new conjectures regarding the Cœlacanth and the story of how it emerged from the sea onto dry land. The stasis in the fossil record had demolished the story of this fish's evolution by tearing down one of its basic premises.

Professor of political science Robert G. Wesson set this fact out in these terms:

The bony-finned Cœlacanth, thought to be long extinct but rediscovered in 1938, has been approximately static some 450 million years (Avers 1989, 317). ... The nearly timeless species are not exempt from the changes of proteins that go on in all living beings, and they could surely vary in many ways without loss of adaptiveness, but their patterns have become somehow frozen. ... From the point of view of conventional evolutionary theory long-term stasis is hard to explain. Rapid evolution ... is incongruous that species remain unchanged through changing conditions over many million years.23 

The Horseshoe Crab

Horseshoe crab. A 450-million-year-old horseshoe crab is no different to specimens alive today. It has possessed the same complex features and equipment for the last half billion years or so. Clearly, at a time whenaccording to Darwinistsliving things should have been evolving, no evolution actually took place.

The first fossil records of the horseshoe crab go back 425 million years, yet this living fossil still lives along present-day shores. Its tail, which allows it to walk with ease across the sand and which is used for steering, its two eyes with their exceedingly complex structures, and all its other unique features have remained unchanged over the last 425 million years.

The Cockroach

A 300-million-year-old cockroach, with exactly the same features as cockroaches today. This fossil, which lived 300 million years ago, definitively refutes Darwin's theory of evolution.

The cockroach, the oldest winged insect in the world, first appears in fossils some 350 million years old, from the Carboniferous period.24  This insect—with its various feelers and hairs that are extremely sensitive to the slightest movement, even to air currents, its perfect wings, and its resistant structure capable of withstanding even radiation—is identical now to how it was 350 million years ago.25 

The Okapi

Another living fossil that invalidates one of the greatest faulty proofs of the theory of evolution—and which even revealed a fraud perpetrated in the name of evolution—is the okapi, shown in the illustration below.

The fossils belonging to this animal dated back to the Miocene epoch. The okapi had always been believed to be extinct—that is, right up until the first living specimen was captured in 1901. At that time, it was taken up as an example by evolutionists and presented as an intermediate form in the equine evolution scenario, which itself is totally false. However, with the capture of a living okapi, that scenario of equine evolution was also done away with.

The "evolution of the horse" was for a long while the evolutionists' Exhibit A in regard to the imaginary origin of mammals. Various living and extinct species were set out, one after the other according to size, totally ignoring the gross anatomical differences between them, and were presented as different stages in the evolution of the horse. This series, exhibited in natural history museums for many years, was described in textbooks as if it were a solid proof of evolution. Today, however, a great many evolutionists admit the invalidity of the equine evolution scenario and confess that it is an example of wishful thinking totally based on sleight-of-hand.

In November, 1980, the evolutionist Boyce Rensberger addressed a four-day symposium attended by 150 evolutionists at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, which considered problems facing the theory of evolution. He described how the equine evolution scenario had no basis in the fossil record and how the horse never underwent a process of gradual evolution:

The popularly told example of horse evolution, suggesting a gradual sequence of changes from four-toed fox-sized creatures living nearly 50 million years ago to today's much larger one-toed horse, has long been known to be wrong. Instead of gradual change, fossils of each intermediate species appear fully distinct, persist unchanged, and then become extinct. Transitional forms are unknown.26 

Rensberger was quite right; no evidence exists that any such process as equine evolution ever took place. The equine "series" is totally speculative and is not based on the facts. Moreover, there are considerable anatomical and physical differences among these animals. What Rensberger ignores, however, is that not all the species in the series are extinct. The okapi, encountered in 1901, showed that a creature that evolutionists depicted as an intermediate form was in fact still alive today. This animal, which has no relation to the horse and which bears a far closer resemblance to the zebra, was living in the Miocene epoch (23-5.3 million years ago), displaying the same complex features it possesses today.

The living fossil of the okapi again demolished one of the main claims of the theory of evolution. The equine series scenario, full of inconsistencies in all possible regards to begin with, was finally eradicated, and another evolutionary disgrace was quietly placed on the shelf.

Dr. Niles Eldredge of the American Museum of Natural History said the following about this equine family-tree, which was still lingering in the museum basement:

There have been an awful lot of stories, some more imaginative than others, about what the nature of that history [of life] really is. The most famous example, still on exhibit downstairs, is the exhibit on horse evolution prepared perhaps fifty years ago. That has been presented as the literal truth in textbook after textbook. Now I think that is lamentable, particularly when the people who propose those kinds of stories may themselves be aware of the speculative nature of some of that stuff.27 

Other Living Fossils

A 146 to 65-million-year-old nautilus (top), and identical modern specimens.

Newspapers frequently attract attention with such headlines as "20-Milion-Year-Old Spider Fossil Discovered" or "35-Million-Year-Old Lizard Fossil Unearthed." Each of these reports is actually further proof that nothing like the evolutionary process ever happened. There are many examples of living fossils and in addition, these examples go back hundreds of millions of years.

The crocodile is a reptile that was living 200 million years ago, as is confirmed by the fossil record.28 Yet it is of course alive today. Ginkgo trees were living 125 million years ago, but living specimens were found in China in our own time. Neopilina molluscs were living 500 million years ago, the tuatara lizard 200 million years ago, and archaeobacteria as long ago as 3.5 billion years ago.29 These are still alive today, with all their complex systems and perfect structures. The nautilus, another mollusc, was living in the seas 300 million years ago,30 and these creatures are living, feeding and reproducing in exactly the same form in today's seas.

The Australian and African lungfish is another example of a living fossil that was alive 400 million years ago and still thrives in the present. Charles Darwin was astonished by the survival of these fish down to the present day, and in his Origin of Species, he therefore referred to them as "anomalous forms" that "may almost be called living fossils."31 

A fossil ginkgo tree leaf dating back 125 million years, and a present-day example.

This is by no means the end of the list of creatures that still survive today unchanged, in exactly the same form as they displayed millions of years ago. The sturgeon, mackerel, freshwater bass, herring, needlefish, lobster, crawfish and the Devonian-period shark are all examples of living fossils. Other examples include the jellyfish, sponges, frogs, bees, ants, butterflies and termites. The 230-million-year-old dragonfly, soldier ants dating back 100 million years, and the 150-million-year-old salamander are all still living today. The same applies to arachnids such as the spider and myriapods such as the millipede.32, 33  

Finally, a spider fossilized in amber, and estimated as being 20 million years old, was one of the most important discoveries of the 2000s. A statement from Manchester University announced that this spider, 4 centimeters long and 2 centimeters wide, was identical to present-day specimens. It is hoped that a blood specimen from the spider can extract the arachnid's DNA.34 However, this fossil spider is certainly not the only specimen found. Other fossil spiders unearthed in excavations have been estimated to be hundreds of millions of years old, and are now on exhibit in museums in various countries of the world. The oldest known and most perfect sea spider fossil dates back 425 million years—important evidence that these creatures have remained unchanged for millions of years.35  

The Earth contains countless other fossil specimens from millions of years ago of organisms still living today, such as this spider, and of other creatures now extinct. The fossils illustrated in this book are just a few of the millions of specimens kept in various museums.

An Australian lungfish from the Devonian period (408-360 million years ago). Evolutionists claim that lungfish are the ancestors of amphibians. Yet the pulmonary structure in these fish bears no resemblance to that in terrestrial animals.

How Fossils Overturned Evolution

Stasis in the Fossil Record

When we investigate natural history, we find not living things "evolving into different anatomical structures," but ones that have remained unchanged, even over the course of hundreds of millions of years. This lack of change is referred to by scientists as "stasis." Living fossils and organisms that have not survived down to the present day, but which have left their fossils behind in various strata of the Earth's history are concrete proof of stasis in the fossil record. And this stasis shows that no gradual process of evolution ever occurred. In an article in the magazine Natural History, Stephen Jay Gould describes this inconsistency between the fossil record and the theory of evolution:

Mezozoik döneme ait (245-65 milyon yıl arası) vatoz fosili, günümüz denizlerinde yaşayan vatozların sahip olduğu tüm özelliklere sahiptir. Yaklaşık 250 milyon yıllık bu canlı, evrimsel süreç iddiasının tamamen bir hayal olduğunu açıkça göstermektedir.

The history of most fossil species includes two features particularly inconsistent with gradualism:

1. Stasis.Most species exhibit no directional change during their tenure on earth. They appear in the fossil record looking much the same as when they disappear; morphological change is usually limited and directionless.

2. Sudden appearance. In any local area, a species does not arise gradually by the steady transformation of its ancestors; it appears all at once and 'fully formed.' 13

If a living thing survives in a flawless form down to the present day with all the features it displayed millions of years ago and having undergone no change whatsoever, then this evidence is powerful enough to entirely dismiss the gradual evolution model anticipated by Darwin. Moreover, far from there being just one example to demonstrate this, there are in fact millions. Countless organisms exhibit no differences from their original states, which first appeared millions or even hundreds of millions of years ago. As openly stated by Niles Eldredge, this state of affairs is causing paleontologists to avoid the idea of evolution, which is still supported today:

No wonder paleontologists shied away from evolution for so long. It seems never to happen. Assiduous collecting up cliff faces yields zigzags, minor oscillations, and the very occasional slight accumulation of change over millions of years, at a rate too slow to really account for all the prodigious change that has occurred in evolutionary history.14

The stasis in the fossil record really does represent the greatest problem facing the proponents of evolution. That's because evolutionists look in the fossil record for the evidence they need to prove their fictitious process of evolution. However, fossils provide none of the intermediate forms they seek, but furthermore, reveal that living things alleged to have undergone a process of change over time never underwent any evolution at all, even after hundreds of millions of years. Living forms are identical to how they appeared originally, and never underwent the gradual change predicted by Darwin. Niles Eldredge describes how the stasis for long neglected by evolutionist paleontologists undermines Darwin's claim of gradual evolution:

But stasis was conveniently dropped as a feature of life's history to be reckoned with in evolutionary biology. And stasis had continued to be ignored until Gould and I showed that such stability is a real aspect of life's history which must be confronted—and that, in fact, it posed no fundamental threat to the basic notion of evolution itself. For that was Darwin's problem: to establish the plausibility of the very idea of evolution, Darwin felt that he had to undermine the older ... doctrine of species fixity. Stasis, to Darwin, was an ugly inconvenience. 15

Seeing the invalidity of Darwin's claim of gradual evolution, Eldredge advanced forward the idea of "punctuated equilibrium" together with Stephen J. Gould, and his words above were an accurate expression of the difficulty that stasis posed for Darwin. Yet the point that Eldredge ignores and neglects is that the stasis that is so manifest in the fossil record also represents a major dilemma for punctuated equilibrium.

Fosil Kayıtlarında Durağanlık

Eğer gerçekten bir evrim yaşanmış olsaydı, ki hiçbir şekilde yaşanmamıştır, canlıların yeryüzünde küçük kademeli değişimlerle ortaya çıkmaları ve zaman içinde de değişmeye devam etmeleri gerekirdi. Oysa fosil kayıtları bunun tam aksini gösterir. Farklı canlı sınıflamaları, fosil kayıtlarında hiçbir ataları olmadan aniden ortaya çıkmışlar ve yüz milyonlarca yıl boyunca hiç değişim geçirmeden durağan bir biçimde kalmışlardır.

Ammonitler, yaklaşık 350 milyon yıl önce ortaya çıktılar ve 65 milyon yıl kadar önce soyları tükendi. Aradaki 300 milyon yıl boyunca üstteki fosilde görülen yapıları hiç değişmedi.

400 milyon yıllık deniz yıldızı fosili

Ordovisyen Dönemi'ne ait "atnalı yengeci" fosili. Bu 450 milyon yıllık fosil de, günümüzde yaşayan örneklerinden farksız.

Ordovisyen Devri'ne ait istiridye fosilleri.

35 milyon yıllık fosil sinekler. Günümüzde yaşayan sineklerle aynı vücut yapısına sahipler.

Jurasik Dönem'e ait yaklaşık 170 milyon yıllık karides fosili. Günümüzdeki karideslerden hiçbir farkı yok.

Almanya'nın Bavyera bölgesinde bulunan 140 milyon yıllık yusufçuk fosili, şu anda yaşayan yusufçukların aynısıdır.

İskoçya'daki East Kirkton bölgesinde bulunmuş olan bilinen en eski akrep fosili. Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis adı verilen türe ait bu akrep, 320 milyon yıllık ve günümüz akreplerinden farksız. (solda) Baltık Denizi kıyılarında amber içinde bulunan yaklaşık 170 milyon yıllık bir böcek fosili. Yaşayan örnekleriyle tıpatıp aynı. (solda başta)

The paleontologists who proposed the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution admitted that the stasis in the fossil record presented a "problem." But since they considered it impossible to abandon the idea of evolution, they suggested that living things came into being not through small changes, but by sudden and very large ones. According to this claim, evolutionary changes took place in very small intervals of time, and in very narrow populations. Until this sudden jump, the population had exhibited little or no change and remained in a kind of equilibrium. Since the hypothetical population concerned was a narrow one, so-called large mutations would very quickly be favored by natural selection, and thus—somehow—the emergence of a new species would be established.

Punctuated equilibrium suggests that the formation of a new species took place within communities containing very small numbers of plants or animals. But this model of evolution has now been refuted, with a great deal of proof, by the sciences of microbiology and genetics. (For detailed information, see Harun Yahya's Darwinism Refuted.) Nor is there any scientific basis for punctuated equilibrium's claim regarding "narrow populations," put forward in order to account for the stasis in the fossil record and therefore, the absence of intermediate forms. Punctuated equilibrium was dealt a severe blow when it was revealed that in genetic terms, a restricted population presents no advantage for the theory of evolution, but rather a disadvantage! Far from developing in such a robust way as to give rise to a new species, narrow populations actually cause genetic defects. The reason is because the individuals in small isolated groups constantly reproduce within a narrow genetic pool. Therefore, normally "heterozygote" individuals—those enjoying a wide gene pool—become "homozygote" or more restricted in their genetic variations. The result is that normally recessive defective genes become dominant, thus producing ever-greater defects and genetic diseases in the population.

Kurbağaların kökeninde de bir evrim süreci yoktur. Bilinen en eski kurbağalar, balıklardan tamamen farklıdır ve kendilerine has yapılarıyla ortaya çıkmışlardır. Ve günümüzdeki kurbağalarla aynı özelliklere sahiplerdir. Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nde bulunan amber içindeki kurbağa fosili yaklaşık 25 milyon yıllıktır ve yaşayan örnekleriyle arasında hiçbir fark yoktur.

Therefore, the lack of intermediate forms in the fossil record cannot be a result of evolution taking place in narrow populations. In addition to all these scientific impossibilities, the adherents of punctuated equilibrium can't explain why traces of changes in such small populations are never found in the fossil record.

This clearly demonstrates that both the gradual model of evolution that Darwin proposed, and the punctuated equilibrium model put forward to cover up its deficiencies, are not able to account for the stasis in the fossil record, the sudden appearance of living forms, and the lack of transitional ones. Whatever theory may be proposed, all claims that living organisms underwent evolution will end in failure and are scientifically condemned to collapse, because living things did not evolve. God has created all living things in their perfect states, from nothing. Therefore, all claims that living things evolved are doomed to disappear.

Stephen J. Gould, one of the intellectual fathers of the "punctuated equilibrium" theory, admitted this in all clarity at a conference he gave at Hobart & William Smith College:

Every paleontologist knows that most species don't change. That's bothersome ... brings terrible distress. ... They may get a little bigger or bumpier. But they remain the same species and that's not due to imperfection and gaps but stasis. And yet this remarkable stasis has generally been ignored as no data. If they don't change, it's not evolution so you don't talk about it. 16

The "Ineffectiveness" of the Environment

Denizlerin en tehlikeli canlılarından biri olan köpek balığı ve 400 milyon yıllık fosili bize köpek balıklarının hiçbir evrim süreci geçirmediğini açıkça göstermektedir.

Living fossils hold a mirror to the lack of difference between present-day specimens and fossil remains from the past, and offer evidence that therefore, species underwent no evolution over millions of years. In that way, they deal a severe blow to the theory of evolution, which, as is well-known, claims that only those organisms able to adapt to changing environmental conditions survive, and that these evolve into other living things under the effect of imaginary random changes. But living fossils show that the idea of species gradually "reacting" to environmental conditions is actually groundless. Examples of very old living fossils include the shark, which reveals no trace of change despite being around 400 million years old. The Cœlacanth, which evolutionists portrayed as an intermediate form between fish and ambiphians until living specimens were found off Madagascar, constitutes a striking refutation of the theory of evolution's scenario of change.

Despite its evolutionist slant, Focus magazine referred to living things that had remained unchanged for millions of years in its April 2003 issue, which dealt with the Cœlacanth:

The discovery that a creature as large as the Cœlacanth had lived for so many years outside the knowledge of the scientific world led to its attracting a great deal of interest. Yet there are a very large number of organisms which, like the Cœlacanth, are identical to fossils remaining from millions of years ago. For example, the Neopilina, a species of crustacean, has remained unchanged for 500 million years, the scorpion for 430 million years, the Limulus, a marine creature with armour and a sword-like tail, for 225 million years, and the Tuatara, a species of reptile living in New Zealand, for 230 million years. Many arthropods, crocodiles, turtles and many species of plant are other components of this growing list. 17

Birkaç milyon yıllık Akçaağaç yaprağının fosili ve günümüzdeki Akçaağaç yaprakları.

160 milyon yıllık, bilinen en eski semender fosili.

2 milyon yıllık amber içinde karınca fosili ve üstünde günümüzde yaşayan karınca. Bu canlılar, milyonlarca yıl önce de günümüzdekilerden farklı değildi.

190 milyon yıllık timsah fosili ve günümüzdeki yaşayan örneği.

120 milyon yıllık kuş tüyü fosili.

Çuha çiçeği fosili ve günümüzde yaşayan çuha çiçeği.

Milyonlarca yıllık yılan fosilleri, yılanların hiçbir değişime uğramadıklarını göstermektedir.

Bir tür ağaçkakan tüyü fosili. Günümüz ağaçkakan tüyleriyle aynıdır. (Yukarıda solda) Bugüne kadar bulunan en eski çiçekli bitki fosili. (Yukarıda sağda)

Focus cited the examples of cockroaches and archaeobacteria, and openly admitted these species deal a blow to the theory of evolution:

Looked at from the evolutionary perspective, the probability of organisms such as these undergoing mutation is much higher than that of others. Because every new generation means the copying of DNA. Bearing in mind the number of times the copying process takes place over millions of years, a very interesting picture emerges. In theory, various elements of pressure such as changing environmental conditions, hostile species and competition between species should lead to natural selection, the selection of species advantaged by mutation, and for these species to undergo greater change over such a long period of time. YET THE FACTS ARE OTHERWISE. Let us consider cockroaches, for example. These reproduce very quickly and have short life spans, yet they have remained the same for approximately 250 million years. Archaeobacteria are an even more striking example. These emerged 3.5 billion years ago, when the Earth was still very hot, and are still alive today in the boiling waters in Yellowstone National Park.18

The theory of evolution is a fictitious story written about the natural history of species, and is actually refuted by the scientific findings its adherents obtain! Living fossils show that the effect of the environment on living things is not evolution but rather "non-evolution." Species have not come by their present-day structures by undergoing a process of random change. They have all been flawlessly brought into being by Almighty God and have persisted in the form they were first created throughout their time on Earth.

Amber içinde 50 milyon yıllık akrep fosili. (en solda) Milyonlarca yıldır değişmemiş bir canlı olan Tuatara'nın fosili ve günümüzdeki hali. (ortada) 150 milyon yıllık atnalı yengeci fosili ve günümüzdeki Atnalı yengeci. (en sağda)